New muscle discovered. Chick muscle.

 

 

Scientists discover new part of the body

      Research at The University of Basil discovered a new muscle layer in the human jaw that aids in its stability. The discovery had formerly gone left out through researchers. Consistent with the invention, it could pull the lower jaw backward, toward the ear.

 

Summary:

     Human anatomy still has a few surprises in store for us: researchers have discovered a previously overlooked section of our jaw muscles and described this layer in detail for the first time.

 

     Masseter muscle is the maximum prominent of the jaw muscle tissues. in case you region your hands on the returned of your cheeks and press your tooth together, you’ll experience the muscle tighten. Anatomy textbooks normally describe the masseter as consisting of 1 superficial and one deep component.

 

     Now, researchers led by Dr. Szilvia mezey from the branch of biomedicine at the college of basel and professor jens christoph türp from the university middle for dental remedy basel (uzb) have described the structure of the masseter muscle as which include an additional 1/3, even deeper layer. Inside the medical journal annals of anatomy, they advise that this deposit accept the call musculus masseter pars coronidea – in different phrases, the coronoid phase of the masseter – because the newly described layer ofMuscle is hooked up to the muscular (or “coronoid”) technique of the lower jaw.

 

     The anatomical examine changed into primarily based on unique examination of formalin-constant jaw musculature, computer tomographic scans and the evaluation of stained tissue sections from deceased folks that had donated their our bodies to science. This turned into similarly to mri facts from a dwelling person.

 

Radiation awareness online class in Hindi.

 Dear Sir/Madam,

We are happy to announce that AERB is going to conduct an online awareness program on "Radiation Protection in Diagnostic Radiology" for users of Diagnostic Radiology (Medical X-ray facilities) at 3:00PM on 28th December 2021(Tuesday) .

Kindly be noted that the mode of delivering the lecture is in Hindi Language.

YOU ARE REQUESTED TO JOIN THE PROGRAMME  through   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4oZkuYkmhk

Flyer with program details is attached for your information. Kindly disseminate the information on this programme by circulating among your colleagues who are working in this field.

Following Topics will be covered in an Awareness Program:

• Effect of Ionising Radiation
• Radiation Safety aspect of Diagnostic Radiology
• Use and storage of TLD badges
• TLD monitoring and Investigation of Excessive Exposures

With best wishes,

What is CT urography? What can detect?

 

What is urography?

      Urography is a x-ray procedure done in CT SCAN, MRI SCAN AND X-RAY To examine the kidney, ureter and urinary bladder. Urography is also known as a pyelography. IVU, Intravenous urography or IVP, intravenous pyelography.

CT urography 2D vessels

Why should do CT urography?  What can detect?

     A CT urography is Done for kidney, ureter and bladder. Finding tumor of the kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter, as well as other urologic abnormalities. identify kidney stones any bladder abnormal growth and  hydronephrosis (swelling of the kidney that is often due to downstream blockage).

What is preparation for CT urography?

       The patient should have nothing to eat or drink for a minimum  3 or 4 hours before to the exam. The patient should drink water 1 hour prior to the exam. Non-IV Contrast SCAN do not require special preparation.

Serum creatinine Blood test is very important.

What is creatinine?

     Creatinine is a waste product that comes from the normal wear and tear on muscles in  the human body. Everyone has creatinine in their bloodstream.

What is a normal level of creatinine?

That depends on your age, race, gender, and body size.

Why Creatinine is important before CT contrast?

      Contrast enhancing CT scan in the radiology department could minimise the risk of kidney injury. Intravenous are iodine based contrast agent used in CT SCAN cause acute kidney injury.

 

 

 

Why should do CT scan Abdomen and pelvis?

 

• Why should do CT ABDOMEN AND PELVIS?

      A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis can help diagnose problems in the bladder, uterus, prostrate, liver or bowels.

• What can be detect a CT ABDOMEN AND PELVIS?

     Inflammation, infection, injury or disease of the liver, spleen, kidney stones, stomach, intestine, pancreas, bladder, male and female reproductive organs and bone Ext……

• Why is it important to get the patient’s clinical history before the procedure?

      Patient personal health history has details about any health problems you’ve ever had. … This information gives your physian all kinds of important clues about what’s going on with your health, because many diseases run in families. The history also tells your physian what health issues you may be at risk for in the future.

• What it is history ask to patient?

      Let’s discuss the questions to ask your patient when taking a detailed history. These questions should focus on aspects that are most pertinent to abdominal pain and symptoms.

1. Past medical history
2. Past surgical history
3. Family history
4. Social history

1. Past medical history

       The past medical history is a sum of the patient’s past and current medical records. When making you discussion, begin by asking the patient about their medical history. For example ask if they have any past or recent medical problems. The patient mention a history of sickle cell Anemia, gastrointestinal problems, liver disease, or cancer.

If past medical history available you can ask can you provide old reports?

  2. Past surgical history:-

       The patient’s past surgical history includes any previous surgery; all surgeries, whether laparoscopic or open, are relevant. But, focus on abdominal or pelvis surgeries such as those involving the bowel, colon, stomach, liver, or spleen. As well, don’t forget to ask about gynaecological or urological surgeries such as caesarian section, hysterectomy, cystectomy, nephrectomy, or prostatectomy.

  3. Family history:-

      It is also important to ask about the patient’s family history since some conditions may run in the family. Patients often forget which types of cancer their family may have had, so it is helpful to remind them. A family history of cancer such as colon cancer (especially in a first-degree relative) puts the patient at a higher risk. With these patient, it is important to discuss colonoscopy screening.

  4. Social history:-

     The social history is also important for the abdominal exam. Factor such as alcohol use, tobacco smoking, drug use, diet, and living situations could be associated with the patient’s diagnosis.

Patient come CT SCAN abdomen and pelvis plain scan. You can ask some questions.

1. What is compliant of the patient?
2. How long time this compliant?
3. Abdominal pain? And which reason?
4. Vomiting,
5. Any old reports available like USG.
6. Any trauma recently?

What is triple phase contrast scan?

 

What is a three phase CT contrast scan?

    Triple phase CT contrast scan including an arterial phase, portal phase and Venus phase.

 

Why should do three phase scan?

     Triple phase scan is mostly take for liver and bileary system.

Arterial:-  15-18 sec after bolus tracking

      Recto-peritonial haemorrhage, in case of  removal of GB (gallbladder) in between liver and pancreas there is some infection spade, rupture of common hepatic artery (helium reason) may be rupture or narrowing. This are Post operative change’s, Aortic  obstruction.

Portal phase (hepatic phase) biliary track:-  35-45 sec after bolus tracking

      Portal obstruction, liver Cirrhosis, hepatic ca metastatic change’s, cholanigo CA, Hepatic cyst, differencate between hepatic leassion.

Venus phase:-  90 sec after bolus tracking

Leassions, upper abdomen thrombosis, portal obstruction, renal mass.