Bone fractures can occur in various ways depending on the force and direction of the impact, as well as the bone's strength. Here are the main types of bone fractures:
Simple (Closed) Fracture: The bone breaks but does not pierce the skin.
Compound (Open) Fracture: The broken bone pierces the skin, increasing the risk of infection.
Transverse Fracture: The break is a straight horizontal line across the bone.
Oblique Fracture: The break has a diagonal line across the bone.
Spiral Fracture: The bone is twisted apart, often occurring in sports or accidents.
Comminuted Fracture: The bone is shattered into three or more pieces, often due to high-impact trauma.
Greenstick Fracture: The bone bends and cracks but doesn't break completely. This type is more common in children.
Hairline (Stress) Fracture: A small crack in the bone, often due to repetitive stress or overuse.
Compression Fracture: The bone is crushed, usually seen in the vertebrae, often due to osteoporosis.
Segmental Fracture: The bone is broken in two places, leaving a segment of bone unattached.
Avulsion Fracture: A fragment of bone is pulled away by a tendon or ligament.
Impact Fracture: The broken bone ends are driven into each other, common in falls.
Pathologic Fracture: A break in a bone weakened by disease, such as osteoporosis or cancer.
These fractures are diagnosed through clinical examination and imaging studies like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and treatment varies based on the type and severity of the fracture.
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